Battle of Jao Modo
1696 · Jao Modo, south of the Tuul River, Mongolia · China · Early modern
The Kangxi Emperor personally led a great army advancing in three columns. Fiyanggu, commanding the western column, laid an ambush at Jao Modo to intercept Galdan, routing his army and capturing many of his followers and family members.
Belligerents
Qing
- Commanders
- Kangxi Emperor, Fiyanggu
- Strength
- Qing army converging in separate columns, with the emperor personally leading the central column
Dzungars
- Commanders
- Galdan
- Strength
- Remnants of the Dzungar army, much weaker than before
Background
After the Battle of Ulan Butung, Galdan's power had not been eliminated and he continued to raid the Khalkha Mongols, so Kangxi again led a major campaign in person.
Course of the battle
- Three-pronged converging attackThe Qing army advanced in three columns from different directions to encircle Galdan.
- Ambush and interceptionFiyanggu laid an ambush in advance at Jao Modo to cut off Galdan's line of retreat.
- Dzungars routed and destroyedGaldan's army collapsed, and many of his family and followers were captured.
Outcome at a glance
| Date | 1696 |
|---|---|
| Place | Jao Modo, south of the Tuul River, Mongolia |
| Result | The Kangxi Emperor personally led a great army advancing in three columns. Fiyanggu, commanding the western column, laid an ambush at Jao Modo to intercept Galdan, routing his army and capturing many of his followers and family members. |
| Winner | Qing |
| Casualties | The Dzungar army was almost entirely annihilated, and Galdan escaped with only a few close attendants. |
| Territorial change | Galdan's power never recovered, and he soon died in desperate straits; the situation in the Northern Gobi was largely pacified. |
Impact
The Dzungar threat to the Khalkha Mongols was largely removed, consolidating Qing rule over the Mongols of the Northern Gobi.
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